7 side effects of apple cider vinegar
Unfortunately, apple cider
vinegar has been reported to cause some side effects. This is particularly true
in large doses. Although small amounts are generally fine and healthy,
consuming too much can be harmful and even dangerous.
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1. Delayed stomach emptying
Apple
cider vinegar helps prevent blood sugar spikes by reducing the rate at
which food leaves the stomach and enters the lower digestive tract. This slows
down its absorption into the bloodstream .
However, this effect may worsen symptoms a common
condition that affects people living with diabetes.
In gastroparesis, the nerves in the stomach don’t work
properly, so food stays in the stomach too long and is not emptied at a normal
rate.
Symptoms of gastro paresis include heartburn, bloating and
nausea. For type 1 diabetics who have gastro paresis, timing insulin with meals
is very challenging because it’s hard to predict how long it will take food to
be digested and absorbed.
One controlled study looked at 10 patients with type1 diabetes
and gastro paresis.
Drinking water with 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of apple
cider vinegar significantly increased the amount of time that food stayed in
the stomach, compared to drinking plain water.
Newer research is needed to better understand the
effect apple cider vinegar has on blood sugar.
Apple
cider vinegar has been shown to delay the rate at which food leaves the
stomach. This may worsen symptoms of gastro paresis and make blood sugar
management more difficult for people with type 1 diabetes.
2. Digestive side effects
Apple cider vinegar may cause unpleasant digestive
symptoms in some people.
Human and animal studies have found that apple cider
vinegar and acetic acid may decrease appetite and promote feelings of fullness,
leading to a natural reduction in calorie intake. However, one controlled study
suggests that in some cases, appetite and food intake may decrease due to indigestion.
The people who consumed a drink containing 25 grams
(0.88 ounces) of apple cider vinegar reported less appetite but also
significantly greater feelings of nausea, especially when the vinegar was part
of an unpleasant-tasting drink.
Apple
cider vinegar may help reduce appetite, but it may also cause feelings of
nausea, particularly when consumed as part of a drink with bad flavor.
3. Low potassium levels and bone loss
There are no controlled studies on apple cider vinegar’s
effects on blood potassium levels and bone health at this time.
However, there is one case report of low blood
potassium and bone loss that was attributed to large doses of apple cider
vinegar taken over a long period of time.
A 28-year-old woman consumed 8 ounces (250 ml) of
apple cider vinegar diluted in water on a daily basis for 6 years.
She was admitted to the hospital with low
potassium levels and other abnormalities in blood chemistry.
What’s more, the woman was diagnosed with
osteoporosis, a condition of brittle bones that is rarely seen in young people.
Doctors who treated the woman believe the large daily
doses of apple cider vinegar led to minerals being leached from her bones to
buffer the acidity of her blood.
They also noted that high acid levels can reduce the
formation of new bone.
Of course, the amount of apple cider vinegar in this
case was much more than most people would consume in a single day — plus, she
did this every day for many years.
There
is one case report of low potassium levels and osteoporosis likely caused by
drinking too much apple cider vinegar.
4. Erosion of tooth enamel
Acidic foods and beverages have been shown to damage
tooth enamel. Apple
cider vinegar for skin
Soft drinks and fruit juices have been more widely
studied, but some research shows the acetic acid in vinegar may also damage
tooth enamel.
In one lab study, enamel from wisdom teeth was immersed
in different vinegars with pH levels ranging from 2.7–3.95. The vinegars led to
a 1–20% loss of minerals from the teeth after 4 hours .
Importantly, this study was done in a lab and not in
the mouth, where saliva helps buffer acidity. Nevertheless, there’s some
evidence that large amounts of vinegar may cause dental erosion.
A case study also concluded that a 15-year-old girl’s
severe dental decay was caused by consuming 1 cup (237ml) of undiluted apple
cider vinegar per day as a weight loss aid.
The
acetic acid in vinegar may weaken dental enamel and lead to loss of minerals
and tooth decay.
5. Throat burns
Apple cider vinegar has the potential to cause
esophageal (throat) burns.
A review of harmful liquids accidentally swallowed by
children found acetic acid from vinegar was the most common acid that caused
throat burns.
Researchers recommended vinegar be considered a
“potent caustic substance” and kept in childproof containers.
There are no published cases of throat burns from
apple cider vinegar itself.
However, one case report found that an apple cider
vinegar tablet caused burns after becoming lodged in a woman’s throat. The
woman said she experienced pain and difficulty swallowing for 6 months after
the incident.
The
acetic acid in apple cider vinegar has caused throat burns in children. One woman
experienced throat burns after an apple cider vinegar tablet became lodged in
her esophagus.
6. Skin burns
Due to its strongly acidic nature, apple cider vinegar
may also cause burns when applied to the skin.
In one case, a 14-year-old girl developed erosions on
her nose after applying several drops of apple cider vinegar to remove two
moles, based on a protocol she’d seen on the internet.
In another, a 6-year-old
boy with multiple health problems developed leg burns after his mother treated
his leg infection with apple cider vinegar
There are also several anecdotal reports online of
burns caused by applying apple cider vinegar to the skin.
There
have been reports of skin burns occurring in response to attempts to treat
moles and infections with apple cider vinegar.
7. Drug interactions
A few medications may interact with apple cider
vinegar:
- Diabetes medication. People who take insulin or
insulin-stimulating medications and vinegar may experience dangerously low
blood sugar or potassium levels.
- Dioxins (Lanolin). This medication lowers your blood potassium
levels. Taking it in combination with apple cider vinegar could lower
potassium too much.
- Certain diuretic drugs. Some diuretic medications cause
the body to excrete potassium. To prevent potassium levels from dropping
too low, these drugs shouldn’t be consumed with large amounts of vinegar.
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cider vinegar price
How to consume apple cider vinegar safely
Most people can safely consume reasonable amounts of
apple cider vinegar by following these general guidelines:
- Limit your intake. Start with a smaller amount and gradually
work up to a maximum of 2 tablespoons (30 ml) per day, depending on your
personal tolerance.
- Minimize your tooth exposure to acetic
acid. Try diluting the
vinegar in water and drinking it through a straw.
- Rinse your mouth. Rinse with water after taking it. To
prevent further enamel damage, wait at least 30 minutes before brushing
your teeth.
- Consider avoiding it if you have gastro
paresis. Avoid apple
cider vinegar or limit the amount to 1 teaspoon (5 ml) in water or salad
dressing.
- Be aware of allergies. Allergies to apple cider vinegar are rare,
but stop taking it immediately if you experience an allergic reaction and
call your doctor.
To
consume apple cider vinegar safely, limit your daily intake, dilute it, and avoid
it if you have certain conditions.
The
bottom line
Apple cider vinegar can provide several health
benefits.
However, to stay safe and prevent side effects, it’s
important to monitor the amount you consume and be careful with how you take
it.
While a small amount of vinegar is good, more isn’t
better and may even be harmful.
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